Explain Juvenile Justice Act.
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The Juvenile Justice Act (JJA) in India is a legal framework designed to address the rights and rehabilitation of children in conflict with the law. The Act, first enacted in 1986, has undergone revisions, with the latest version being the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015.
The primary objectives of the Juvenile Justice Act include ensuring the protection of the rights of children, their rehabilitation, and their reintegration into society. It establishes special procedures for dealing with juveniles, emphasizing their best interests and aiming at their overall well-being.
Key features of the Act include the establishment of Juvenile Justice Boards (JJB) to adjudicate cases involving children in conflict with the law, the creation of observation homes for their temporary stay during the inquiry, and a focus on rehabilitation rather than punitive measures. The Act also emphasizes the principle of confidentiality and protects the identity of juvenile offenders.
The 2015 amendment raised the age of juveniles from 16 to 18 years, aligning with international standards. It aims to strike a balance between addressing juvenile offenses and ensuring that the legal system focuses on the rehabilitation and reintegration of young offenders into society.