Explain Afghan Wars of the British.
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Explain Afghan Wars of the British.
The Afghan Wars refer to military conflicts between the British Empire and Afghanistan during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The First Anglo-Afghan War (1839-1842) was triggered by British concerns about Russian influence in Central Asia. British forces initially occupied Kabul but faced significant resistance from Afghan tribes, leading to a disastrous retreat in harsh winter conditions, known as the "Retreat from Kabul," resulting in substantial British casualties.
The Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878-1880) followed British fears of a Russian threat. The British sought to install a more favorable Amir in Afghanistan. After initial successes, the British faced strong resistance, and the war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Gandamak, reaffirming Afghan independence.
The Third Anglo-Afghan War (1919) erupted after the Third Anglo-Afghan Treaty collapsed. Afghan forces, led by Amanullah Khan, launched a successful campaign against British Indian garrisons along the border. The war ended with the Rawalpindi Agreement, recognizing Afghan sovereignty.
These wars reflected the geopolitical rivalry between the British and Russian Empires in the region, with Afghanistan as a buffer state. The conflicts highlighted the challenges of imperial control in the rugged Afghan terrain and the resilience of Afghan resistance against foreign intervention.