Describe the currency system of the Delhi Sultans.
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Describe the currency system of the Delhi Sultans.
The currency system under the Delhi Sultans, particularly during the medieval period from the 13th to the 16th centuries, underwent various changes and adaptations. The primary unit of currency during this time was the silver tanka, introduced by the early Delhi Sultans, and it continued to be a prominent form of currency throughout the Sultanate's existence.
The silver tanka was issued in various denominations, with each denomination having its distinct name such as jital, adli, and so on. These coins often bore inscriptions in Arabic and Persian, reflecting the cultural and linguistic influences of the Islamic rulers. The standardization of coinage facilitated trade and economic transactions within the Sultanate and with neighboring regions.
Under Alauddin Khalji's reign, there were significant reforms in the currency system. He introduced a new silver coin called the 'Adl,' which was larger and heavier than the previous tanka. This move aimed to address economic issues, stabilize prices, and enhance the purchasing power of the currency. Additionally, Alauddin ordered the minting of token currency, known as 'token tankas' or 'devalued tankas,' made of copper or brass. These were used for transactions of smaller denominations, providing a practical solution for day-to-day commerce.
The subsequent rulers, including the Tughluqs and the Khaljis, continued to issue and mint coins in various denominations, with occasional modifications to the weight and design. Gold coins, known as mohurs, were also issued, although they were not as prevalent as the silver tankas.
The currency system of the Delhi Sultans reflected the economic and political dynamics of the time. The silver tanka, with its variations, remained a staple of the medieval Indian economy, facilitating trade and commerce across the vast territories of the Delhi Sultanate. The currency system was an integral part of the Sultanate's administration, contributing to the economic stability and functioning of the medieval Indian society under their rule.