Describe the distinctive features of “Mauryan Sculptures”?

Mauryan sculptures, dating back to the Mauryan Empire (c. 322–185 BCE), are characterized by their early emergence in the Indian subcontinent and their association with the reign of Emperor Ashoka. These sculptures display distinctive features that mark them as significant artifacts of ancient Indian art:

1. Polish and Finish:

   • Mauryan sculptures are known for their highly polished and finished surfaces. The sculptors achieved a smooth and lustrous appearance, showcasing a high level of craftsmanship.

2. Material and Medium:

   • Mauryan sculptures were primarily carved from stone, with a preference for sandstone and chunar sandstone. The use of stone as a medium allowed for intricate carving and durability, ensuring the preservation of these artifacts over centuries.

3. Yakshi Figures:

   • Female figures, often referred to as Yakshis, are a distinctive feature of Mauryan art. These voluptuous and sensuous female figures are depicted with elaborate jewelry, headdresses, and garments. The Yakshi from Didarganj is a notable example.

4. Pillars and Capitals:

   • The Mauryan period is known for the creation of monumental stone pillars with distinctive capitals. These pillars, like the famous Ashoka Pillars, feature animal motifs, such as lions, elephants, and bulls, as well as the iconic Ashokan Chakra.

5. Lion Capital of Ashoka:

   • The Lion Capital of Ashoka, originally erected atop an Ashoka Pillar at Sarnath, is a hallmark of Mauryan sculpture. The capital features four lions facing different directions, symbolizing the spread of dharma. This emblem is now the national emblem of India.

6. Didarganj Yakshi:

   • The Didarganj Yakshi is a celebrated Mauryan sculpture discovered near Patna. This life-sized female figure, believed to be a Yakshi, exemplifies the refined artistry of the Mauryan period.

7. Stupa Decorations:

   • Mauryan sculptures were often associated with the embellishment of stupas. The carvings at Sanchi Stupa, commissioned by Ashoka, feature depictions of Jataka tales, scenes from the life of Buddha, and intricate ornamentation.

8. Abstinence from Human Figurines:

   • Notably, Mauryan art during the reign of Ashoka tended to abstain from the representation of human figures or the Buddha. Instead, emphasis was placed on symbols, animal motifs, and narrative scenes, possibly influenced by Ashoka's embrace of Buddhism after the Kalinga War.

Mauryan sculptures provide valuable insights into the artistic and cultural expressions of ancient India. The blend of artistic finesse, symbolic significance, and the use of durable materials contributes to the enduring legacy of Mauryan art.