Explain Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
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The Gandhi-Irwin Pact, also known as the Delhi Pact, was a significant agreement signed between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin, the Viceroy of India, on March 5, 1931. This pact marked a crucial moment in the Indian independence movement and set the stage for further negotiations between the Indian National Congress and the British colonial government.
The key features of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact were:
End of Civil Disobedience Movement: The pact brought an end to the Civil Disobedience Movement, a mass protest against British salt laws and other unjust policies led by Mahatma Gandhi. As a part of the agreement, Gandhi agreed to suspend the ongoing civil disobedience and related activities.
Release of Political Prisoners: In return for the suspension of civil disobedience, the British government agreed to release political prisoners who had been arrested during the movement. This move aimed at building trust and fostering an atmosphere conducive to further negotiations.
Participation in Round Table Conference: The pact paved the way for the participation of the Indian National Congress in the Second Round Table Conference held in London in 1931. This marked a significant diplomatic development, providing a platform for Indian leaders to present their demands and negotiate with the British authorities for constitutional reforms.
Representation of Untouchables: Another important aspect of the agreement was the recognition of the need for adequate representation of the depressed classes, particularly the Untouchables, in the legislative and administrative bodies. This acknowledgment addressed concerns about social justice and inclusivity within the political framework.
While the Gandhi-Irwin Pact signaled a temporary truce and created an opportunity for dialogue, it did not lead to a lasting resolution of the broader issues related to Indian independence. The negotiations during the Second Round Table Conference faced challenges, and the pact's provisions were not fully implemented. Nonetheless, the agreement represented a significant step in the ongoing dialogue between Indian leaders and the British government, setting the stage for future negotiations and developments in the struggle for independence.