Define Civil society.

Civil society refers to the collective sphere of organized groups, associations, and organizations outside the realm of government and the private sector, where individuals voluntarily come together to pursue common interests, address shared concerns, and promote social change. It encompasses a diverse array of non-governmental, non-profit, and grassroots organizations, including advocacy groups, community-based organizations, charities, trade unions, religious institutions, and professional associations.

Civil society plays a crucial role in fostering democratic governance, civic engagement, and social cohesion by providing platforms for citizen participation, activism, and advocacy on a wide range of issues, such as human rights, social justice, environmental sustainability, and public health. These organizations act as intermediaries between citizens and the state, representing diverse voices, mobilizing public support, and holding governments and other institutions accountable for their actions and policies.

Key functions of civil society include promoting citizen empowerment, facilitating dialogue and collaboration among stakeholders, providing services and support to marginalized communities, and contributing to the formulation of inclusive and responsive public policies. By serving as a vital space for civic engagement and collective action, civil society strengthens democracy, advances social progress, and fosters a culture of active citizenship and civic responsibility.