Describe the architectural features introduced during the reign of Shahjahan.

The reign of Shah Jahan (1628–1658) during the Mughal era is renowned for its opulent architectural achievements, characterized by grandiose structures that reflect the pinnacle of Mughal architecture. Shah Jahan, with a keen interest in art and aesthetics, commissioned several iconic buildings that continue to stand as masterpieces of architectural brilliance.

1. Taj Mahal:
The crowning jewel of Shah Jahan's architectural legacy is the Taj Mahal, a mausoleum built in memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Completed in 1653, the Taj Mahal is a harmonious blend of Persian, Islamic, and Indian architectural styles. Its symmetrical layout, the use of white marble, intricate carvings, and the iconic dome make it an unparalleled architectural marvel and a UNESCO World Heritage site.

2. Shah Jahan's Red Fort (Lal Qila):
The Red Fort in Delhi, also known as Lal Qila, was commissioned by Shah Jahan and served as the main residence for Mughal emperors. Built between 1638 and 1648, the fort is characterized by its red sandstone walls and impressive architecture. The Diwan-i-Aam (Hall of Public Audience) and Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audience) showcase intricate marble inlay work and exquisite ornamentation.

3. Jama Masjid:
Jama Masjid in Delhi, one of the largest mosques in India, was commissioned by Shah Jahan and completed in 1656. The mosque reflects the Mughal style with its use of red sandstone and white marble. The vast courtyard, domes, and minarets contribute to its grandeur.

4. Shalimar Bagh:
Shalimar Bagh in Srinagar, Kashmir, is a Mughal garden complex commissioned by Shah Jahan in 1619. It is characterized by terraced levels, flowing water channels, fountains, and pavilions. The garden design aligns with traditional Persian chahar bagh layouts.

5. Moti Masjid:
The Moti Masjid, or Pearl Mosque, is located within the Agra Fort and was built by Shah Jahan for his personal use. Completed in 1654, the mosque is constructed with white marble and features a three-domed structure.

6. Chini Ka Rauza:
Chini Ka Rauza in Agra is a unique structure commissioned by Shah Jahan in memory of his prime minister, Allama Afzal Khan. Known for its blue-glazed tiles (chini), the tomb stands as a testament to the influence of Persian and Timurid architectural elements.

7. Shah Jahan's Pearl Carpet:
The Diwan-i-Khas in the Red Fort houses Shah Jahan's famous Peacock Throne, adorned with precious jewels and pearls. While the original Peacock Throne is lost to history, it symbolizes the emperor's affinity for lavish artistry and craftsmanship.

Shah Jahan's architectural legacy represents the zenith of Mughal aesthetics, characterized by symmetry, intricate ornamentation, and the use of precious materials. These structures not only served functional purposes but also stood as enduring symbols of the emperor's grandeur and the cultural fusion that defined the Mughal Empire.