What are the gaseous pollutants and what is their impact on health?

Gaseous pollutants are substances present in the air that can have harmful effects on human health and the environment. Common gaseous pollutants include:

1. Carbon Monoxide (CO): A colorless, odorless gas produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. CO reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen, leading to symptoms like headaches, dizziness, and even death in high concentrations.

2. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2): Produced from combustion processes, particularly in vehicles and power plants. NO2 irritates the respiratory system, exacerbates asthma, and contributes to respiratory infections and lung diseases.

3. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): Released from burning fossil fuels containing sulfur, such as coal and oil. SO2 can cause respiratory issues, aggravate existing lung diseases, and contribute to cardiovascular problems.

4. Ozone (O3): A secondary pollutant formed by the reaction of sunlight with NO2 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Ozone can cause respiratory discomfort, worsen asthma symptoms, and damage lung tissue.

5. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Organic chemicals emitted from various sources including vehicles, paints, and industrial processes. VOCs can cause eye, nose, and throat irritation, headaches, nausea, and contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone and smog.

These gaseous pollutants can have both short-term and long-term health impacts, ranging from respiratory irritation and aggravation of existing conditions (e.g., asthma, bronchitis) to cardiovascular diseases, neurological effects, and increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. Vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions are particularly at risk from exposure to gaseous pollutants. Therefore, efforts to reduce emissions and improve air quality are crucial for protecting public health.