Elaborate on the role of central pollution board and the state/UT pollution control boards.

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State/Union Territory Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs/UTPCBs) play crucial roles in environmental governance and pollution control in India.

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB):

• The CPCB is a statutory organization established under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
• It acts as the apex regulatory body at the national level for coordinating environmental protection activities and enforcing environmental laws.
• The CPCB formulates policies and guidelines related to pollution control and prevention, conducts environmental research, and provides technical assistance to SPCBs/UTPCBs.
• It monitors air and water quality across the country through a network of monitoring stations and laboratories.
• The CPCB also has the authority to issue directives, guidelines, and standards to regulate and control pollution from industries, vehicles, and other sources.

State/Union Territory Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs/UTPCBs):

• SPCBs/UTPCBs are state-level regulatory bodies established under the provisions of the Water Act and Air Act.
• They implement pollution control measures, issue consents to industries for operation, and monitor compliance with environmental standards and regulations within their respective jurisdictions.
• SPCBs/UTPCBs conduct regular inspections of industries, commercial establishments, and other sources of pollution to ensure compliance with emission norms and effluent standards.
• They collaborate with local authorities, industries, and communities to promote sustainable environmental management practices and address pollution-related issues at the state or union territory level.
• SPCBs/UTPCBs play a vital role in enforcing environmental laws, conducting public awareness programs, and promoting pollution prevention and control measures at the grassroots level.

Overall, the CPCB and SPCBs/UTPCBs work in tandem to protect and preserve the environment, regulate pollution sources, and promote sustainable development through effective enforcement of environmental laws and regulations across India.