Explain Philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi.

Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy, often referred to as Gandhism or Gandhian philosophy, is rooted in the principles of nonviolence (Ahimsa), truth (Satya), selflessness (Sacrifice), and self-restraint (Tapasya). Gandhi's philosophy is deeply influenced by Indian spiritual traditions, particularly Jainism and Hinduism, as well as Western thinkers such as Leo Tolstoy and Henry David Thoreau. Here are key elements of Gandhi's philosophy:

1. Nonviolence (Ahimsa):
   Central to Gandhi's philosophy is the principle of nonviolence, which involves abstaining from physical and mental harm to oneself and others. Ahimsa is not merely passive resistance but an active force for social change, emphasizing love and compassion even towards opponents.

2. Truth (Satya):
   Gandhi believed in the pursuit of truth in thought, speech, and action. Satyagraha, or the force of truth, involves using nonviolent resistance to confront injustice and oppression. Satya is closely tied to integrity, honesty, and moral courage.

3. Selflessness and Sacrifice:
   Gandhi emphasized selflessness and service to others as essential virtues. He advocated for living a simple life focused on meeting basic needs and serving the community rather than pursuing material wealth or personal gain.

4. Sarvodaya (Welfare of All):
   Gandhi envisioned a society based on Sarvodaya, the welfare of all. He believed in the importance of eradicating social and economic inequalities through voluntary efforts and decentralized, community-based initiatives.

5. Swadeshi (Self-Sufficiency):
   Gandhi promoted Swadeshi, or self-reliance, advocating for local production and consumption to reduce dependence on foreign goods and promote economic independence.

6. Religious Pluralism and Tolerance:
   Gandhi emphasized religious pluralism and tolerance, respecting all faiths and recognizing the spiritual unity underlying diverse religious traditions. He viewed religion as a means of fostering unity and moral values.

7. Decentralization and Village Autonomy:
   Gandhi advocated for decentralized governance and village autonomy, emphasizing local self-rule and participatory democracy as a means of empowering communities and ensuring effective governance.

8. Education and Social Reform:
   Gandhi believed in the transformative power of education and social reform. He emphasized the importance of moral and vocational education in building a just and harmonious society.

Overall, Gandhi's philosophy represents a holistic approach to individual and societal transformation, emphasizing the interconnectedness of ethics, spirituality, and social action. His ideas continue to inspire movements for peace, justice, and human rights around the world.