Write a short note on Race and Ethnicity.

Race and ethnicity are often used interchangeably but represent distinct concepts. Race typically refers to socially constructed categories based on perceived physical differences, such as skin color, facial features, and hair texture. These categories have historically been used to classify and rank human populations, leading to racial discrimination and inequality. Ethnicity, on the other hand, refers to shared cultural characteristics, such as language, religion, customs, and traditions, that unite a group of people. Ethnicity is often self-defined and can encompass various racial groups. While race is primarily based on biological attributes, ethnicity is rooted in cultural identity and shared experiences. Both race and ethnicity play significant roles in shaping individual and group identities, social interactions, and access to resources and opportunities. Understanding the complexities of race and ethnicity is essential for addressing issues of social justice, equity, and inclusion in diverse societies.