Write a short note on schema.

Schemas are cognitive frameworks or mental structures that help individuals organize and interpret information about the world. Developed through experience and learning, schemas serve as templates for processing and understanding new information by guiding attention, interpretation, and memory processes. They allow individuals to make sense of complex stimuli by categorizing and organizing information into meaningful patterns and associations. Schemas influence perception, memory, and problem-solving by shaping how individuals encode, store, and retrieve information. While schemas facilitate cognitive efficiency and adaptation, they can also lead to biases and errors in judgment when individuals rely too heavily on preexisting mental frameworks. Additionally, schemas are dynamic and can be updated or revised through new experiences and learning, reflecting the ongoing nature of cognitive processing and adaptation.