Explain Majority Communalism Vs Minority Communalism.

Majority communalism and minority communalism are forms of identity-based politics that prioritize the interests of a particular religious or ethnic group over those of the broader society. While both involve the assertion of group identity and interests, they differ in terms of the numerical strength of the community in the socio-political context:

1. Majority Communalism:
   Majority communalism refers to the assertion of identity and interests by the dominant religious or ethnic group within a society. In many cases, majority communalism manifests as religious nationalism or ethno-nationalism, where the majority community seeks to assert its cultural, religious, or political dominance over minority communities. This can lead to the marginalization, discrimination, and exclusion of minority groups from political power, social privileges, and economic opportunities.
   Examples of majority communalism include Hindutva ideology in India, which seeks to promote Hindu nationalism and assert Hindu cultural and political dominance over religious minorities, and ethno-nationalist movements in countries where a particular ethnic group constitutes the majority of the population, such as Sinhala nationalism in Sri Lanka.

2. Minority Communalism:
   Minority communalism, on the other hand, refers to the assertion of identity and interests by a marginalized or minority religious or ethnic group within a society. Minority communalism often arises in response to discrimination, marginalization, and violence perpetrated by the dominant majority community. It may involve demands for cultural autonomy, religious rights, or political representation to protect the interests and identity of the minority group.
   Examples of minority communalism include movements for self-determination and autonomy by ethnic minorities such as the Kurds in Turkey, Tamils in Sri Lanka, or Palestinians in Israel, who seek to assert their rights and identity in the face of oppression and marginalization by the majority community.

In summary, majority communalism and minority communalism both involve the assertion of group identity and interests within a socio-political context, but they differ in terms of the numerical strength of the community and the dynamics of power relations within society. While majority communalism often leads to the dominance and marginalization of minority groups, minority communalism emerges as a response to oppression and seeks to assert the rights and identity of marginalized communities within the broader society.