Write a short note on synaptic transmission.

Synaptic transmission is the process by which neurons communicate with each other and with other cells in the body, such as muscles and glands, through chemical signaling at synapses. When an action potential reaches the axon terminals of a presynaptic neuron, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, the small gap between the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes. Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, leading to changes in the membrane potential and transmission of the signal to the postsynaptic neuron.

Synaptic transmission plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including sensory perception, motor control, learning, memory, and emotion. It allows for the integration and processing of information within neural circuits, facilitating complex behaviors and cognitive functions. Dysregulation of synaptic transmission is implicated in numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders, highlighting its importance in maintaining proper brain function and overall health.