What are the three principles of social stratification?
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The three principles of social stratification are:
1. Social Differentiation: Social differentiation refers to the process by which individuals and groups are categorized and distinguished based on various attributes such as wealth, power, prestige, occupation, education, and social status. Differentiation involves the classification of individuals into distinct social categories or strata, each characterized by unique characteristics, roles, and opportunities. Social differentiation forms the basis for stratification by establishing criteria for ranking individuals and groups within society.
2. Social Hierarchy: Social hierarchy refers to the ranking of individuals and groups within a society according to their relative positions of power, prestige, and privilege. Hierarchical arrangements reflect the unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and social status among different strata of society. Individuals occupying higher positions within the social hierarchy typically enjoy greater access to wealth, power, and social prestige, while those in lower positions experience relative disadvantage and limited opportunities for advancement. Social hierarchy shapes social relationships, interactions, and institutions, influencing individuals' life chances and experiences based on their position within the hierarchy.
3. Social Mobility: Social mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups between different positions within the social hierarchy over time. It encompasses both upward mobility, whereby individuals improve their social standing and achieve higher positions within society, and downward mobility, whereby individuals experience a decline in social status or position. Social mobility may result from factors such as education, occupation, economic success, marriage, inheritance, or changes in social and political circumstances. The degree of social mobility within a society reflects its openness, meritocracy, and opportunities for individuals to achieve success and advancement regardless of their background or circumstances.