Highlight the meaning of the following terms :- a) Sepsis b) Cross Infection c) Disinfection
Highlight the meaning of the following terms :- a) Sepsis b) Cross Infection c) Disinfection
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a) Sepsis:
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body's response to an infection triggers widespread inflammation, leading to organ dysfunction or failure. It can result from various infections, including bacterial, viral, or fungal, and can affect any part of the body. Sepsis can progress rapidly and, if not treated promptly, can lead to septic shock, a severe condition characterized by dangerously low blood pressure and inadequate blood flow to vital organs, potentially resulting in death. Early recognition and immediate medical intervention are critical to improve outcomes for patients with sepsis.
b) Cross Infection:
Cross infection refers to the transmission of infectious agents, such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi, between individuals who come into contact with each other in healthcare settings, communities, or other environments. It can occur through direct contact, indirect contact via contaminated surfaces or objects, airborne transmission, or vector-borne transmission. Cross infection poses a significant risk in healthcare settings, where vulnerable patients may be exposed to pathogens from other patients, healthcare workers, or visitors. Preventing cross infection requires strict adherence to infection control practices, including hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, environmental cleaning, and isolation precautions, to minimize the spread of infectious diseases.
c) Disinfection:
Disinfection is the process of eliminating or reducing the number of infectious agents, such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi, on surfaces, objects, or in the environment, to prevent the transmission of infection. Disinfection methods may involve using chemical agents, heat, ultraviolet light, or other physical or mechanical processes to destroy or inactivate pathogens. Disinfection differs from sterilization, which involves the complete elimination of all microorganisms, including spores. Disinfection is commonly used in healthcare settings, laboratories, food processing facilities, and households to maintain a clean and safe environment and reduce the risk of infection transmission. The selection of appropriate disinfection methods depends on the type of microorganisms present, the level of contamination, and the intended use of the disinfected surface or object.