Explain physiology of conception.
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Explain physiology of conception.
Conception, the process of fertilization leading to the formation of a zygote, involves several physiological steps:
Ovulation: During the menstrual cycle, a mature egg (ovum) is released from one of the ovaries in response to hormonal signals, typically around the midpoint of the cycle.
Fertilization: If intercourse occurs around the time of ovulation, sperm released into the female reproductive tract can travel through the cervix and uterus to reach the fallopian tube where fertilization takes place. One sperm penetrates the outer layer of the egg, allowing their genetic material to merge, forming a zygote.
Zygote Formation: The fertilized egg, now called a zygote, undergoes rapid cell division as it travels down the fallopian tube towards the uterus. Within a few days, the zygote develops into a blastocyst, a hollow structure containing a cluster of cells.
Implantation: The blastocyst implants itself into the lining of the uterus (endometrium), embedding itself for further development. Implantation typically occurs about 6-10 days after fertilization.
Embryonic Development: Once implanted, the blastocyst begins to develop into an embryo, forming different layers of cells that will eventually give rise to various tissues and organs. Hormonal changes support the growth and maintenance of the pregnancy.
This complex process culminates in the establishment of a pregnancy, with the embryo continuing to grow and develop within the uterus over the following weeks and months.