Write a short note on what is general adaptation syndrome ? Discuss its stages.

General Adaptation Syndrome

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is a theory developed by Hans Selye in 1936 to describe the physiological process that the body undergoes when subjected to stress. This model explains how the body responds to stressors in a predictable sequence of stages, aimed at restoring homeostasis and ensuring survival. The GAS model is divided into three distinct stages: Alarm, Resistance, and Exhaustion.

1. Alarm Stage:
The Alarm stage is the initial reaction to a stressor, characterized by the "fight-or-flight" response. When an individual perceives a threat, the hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal medulla, leading to the release of adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones prepare the body to confront or escape the threat by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and glucose levels, while also directing blood flow to essential muscles. This heightened state of alertness and energy mobilization helps the body to handle the immediate stressor.

2. Resistance Stage:
If the stressor persists, the body enters the Resistance stage, where it attempts to adapt to the ongoing stress. During this phase, the initial shock of the Alarm stage diminishes, and the body continues to secrete stress hormones, albeit at lower levels than during the Alarm stage. The body's resources are used to counteract the effects of the stressor and maintain physiological functions. Although the body appears to function normally, it is operating at a heightened state of readiness and energy expenditure. Prolonged exposure to stress without adequate recovery can deplete the body's resources, making it more susceptible to health issues.

3. Exhaustion Stage:
When the stressor remains unresolved for an extended period, the body enters the Exhaustion stage. At this point, the body's adaptive mechanisms become overwhelmed, and its resources are depleted. The prolonged release of stress hormones can lead to a breakdown of bodily functions, resulting in increased vulnerability to illnesses, such as cardiovascular diseases, depression, and weakened immune response. The Exhaustion stage signifies the collapse of the body's ability to cope with stress, potentially leading to serious health consequences if not addressed.

Conclusion:

General Adaptation Syndrome provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the body's response to stress. It highlights the importance of recognizing and managing stress to prevent the detrimental effects associated with prolonged exposure. By identifying the stages of GAS, individuals and healthcare professionals can develop strategies to mitigate stress and promote overall health and well-being.