Write a short note on describe the origin of counselling movement in India.

The Origin of the Counselling Movement in India

The counselling movement in India has a relatively recent but significant history, rooted in both traditional practices and modern influences. It began gaining formal recognition in the mid-20th century, influenced by educational reforms, social changes, and the import of Western psychological practices.

Early Influences

Traditional Indian society has long employed informal counselling practices through family elders, spiritual leaders, and community heads who provided guidance and support. Ancient texts like the Vedas and Upanishads also emphasize mental well-being and holistic health, laying a philosophical foundation for psychological support.

Educational Reforms

The formal counselling movement in India can be traced back to the 1950s and 1960s, when the country began to focus on educational reforms and development. The introduction of guidance and counselling services in schools was influenced by the need to address the educational, vocational, and personal issues of students. The establishment of the Central Institute for Research and Training in Employment Service (CIRTES) in 1958 marked a significant step in institutionalizing vocational guidance.

Western Influence

The movement was significantly shaped by Western psychological theories and practices. Indian psychologists and educators, who trained abroad, brought back contemporary counselling methodologies. This cross-cultural exchange helped integrate structured counselling frameworks into the Indian context.

Institutional Development

The 1970s and 1980s saw the establishment of more formal counselling centers and educational programmes in universities. Institutions like the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) played a pivotal role in advancing psychological research and training professionals in counselling and psychotherapy.

Professional Organizations

The formation of professional bodies such as the Indian Association of Clinical Psychologists (IACP) and the Indian Association for Counselling (IAC) provided a platform for practitioners to collaborate, standardize practices, and promote the profession.

Government Initiatives

Government initiatives further bolstered the movement. Policies focusing on mental health, education, and social welfare began to include counselling services as essential components. The National Mental Health Programme (NMHP), launched in 1982, emphasized the need for mental health services, including counselling, across the country.

Conclusion

The counselling movement in India has evolved through the interplay of traditional practices, educational reforms, Western influences, institutional development, and government initiatives. While still growing, it continues to adapt to the diverse and dynamic needs of Indian society, aiming to provide comprehensive psychological support across various sectors.