i. Products of a poultry farm:
Common products of a poultry farm include:

• Eggs: Produced by laying hens and used as a source of protein and nutrients.
• Broiler Meat: Meat obtained from chickens raised specifically for meat production.
• Feathers: Used for various purposes such as bedding material, insulation, and craft materials.
• Manure: Rich in nutrients, poultry manure is used as organic fertilizer in agriculture.

ii. Government programme for cattle development:
Various government programs aimed at cattle development include:

• National Dairy Plan (NDP): Aims to enhance milk production and productivity through breed improvement, nutrition management, and infrastructure development.
• Rashtriya Gokul Mission: Promotes indigenous cattle breeds for genetic improvement and conservation.
• National Livestock Mission (NLM): Supports livestock development, including cattle, through breed improvement, health care, and capacity building.
• National Programme for Bovine Breeding and Dairy Development (NPBBDD): Focuses on genetic improvement of cattle and buffalo breeds for increased milk production and productivity.

iii. Role of ATMA (Agricultural Technology Management Agency):
ATMA plays a key role in agricultural extension and technology dissemination at the district level in India. Its functions include:

• Facilitating technology transfer and adoption among farmers through demonstrations, trainings, and capacity building activities.
• Promoting farmer-centric extension services and strengthening farmer organizations.
• Supporting innovation and entrepreneurship in agriculture through Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) and agri-business development.
• Implementing various agricultural development programs and schemes at the district level, integrating research, extension, and farmer participation for sustainable agriculture development.

Overall, these initiatives contribute to enhancing productivity, income, and livelihoods in the livestock and agriculture sectors, thereby promoting overall rural development and food security.

Capture Fisheries and Culture Fisheries are two primary methods of obtaining fish and seafood, each involving distinct approaches and practices:

Capture Fisheries:

• Definition: Capture fisheries involve catching fish and other aquatic organisms from natural water bodies such as oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, and reservoirs.
• Types:
  1. Marine Fisheries: Fishing activities carried out in saltwater bodies like oceans and seas, targeting species like tuna, cod, and sardines.
  2. Inland Fisheries: Fishing activities conducted in freshwater bodies like rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, targeting species like carp, catfish, and tilapia.
• Categories:
  1. Commercial Fisheries: Large-scale fishing operations targeting fish for sale in markets and for export.
  2. Subsistence Fisheries: Small-scale fishing activities carried out by local communities for personal consumption and livelihood.

Culture Fisheries (Aquaculture):

• Definition: Culture fisheries involve the controlled cultivation of fish and other aquatic organisms in enclosed environments such as ponds, tanks, cages, and raceways.
• Types:
  1. Freshwater Aquaculture: Rearing of fish species in freshwater environments like ponds and tanks.
  2. Mariculture: Cultivation of marine species in saltwater environments such as open ocean pens or enclosed coastal areas.
• Categories:
  1. Pond Culture: Rearing of fish in freshwater ponds, utilizing natural or artificial ponds.
  2. Cage Culture: Growing fish in submerged cages placed in natural or man-made water bodies.

In summary, capture fisheries involve harvesting fish from natural water bodies through fishing, whereas culture fisheries focus on controlled cultivation of fish and seafood in designated environments. Both methods contribute significantly to global fish production and seafood supply, catering to different market demands and sustainability objectives.

The National Agriculture Policy of a country typically aims to promote sustainable agricultural development, enhance farmers' welfare, ensure food security, and contribute to overall economic growth. The specific objectives and components can vary by country, but common themes include:

Objectives:

1. Enhancing Agricultural Productivity: Promoting modern farming techniques, technology adoption, and efficient resource management to increase agricultural productivity and farm incomes.

2. Ensuring Food Security: Ensuring sufficient food production and distribution to meet the nutritional needs of the population, reducing food insecurity and hunger.

3. Promoting Farmer Welfare: Improving the socio-economic status of farmers through income support, access to credit, insurance, and social welfare programs.

4. Sustainable Agriculture: Encouraging environmentally sustainable agricultural practices, conservation of natural resources, and biodiversity conservation.

Components:

1. Infrastructure Development: Investment in rural infrastructure like irrigation systems, roads, and storage facilities to support agricultural activities.

2. Technology and Innovation: Promoting research and development in agriculture, dissemination of agricultural technologies, and adoption of modern farming practices.

3. Market Reforms: Facilitating market access, improving price discovery mechanisms, and promoting agro-processing industries to enhance value addition and market competitiveness.

4. Policy and Institutional Reforms: Strengthening agricultural policies, regulatory frameworks, and institutions to support farmers and agricultural development.

Overall, the National Agriculture Policy aims to create an enabling environment for sustainable agricultural growth, rural development, and food security, benefiting farmers, consumers, and the economy as a whole.

Food subsidy refers to the financial assistance provided by governments to reduce the cost of essential food items for consumers. The components of food subsidy typically include:

1. Procurement at Minimum Support Prices (MSP): Governments purchase food grains from farmers at MSP, which is often higher than market prices, to support agricultural incomes.

2. Storage and Transportation: Subsidies are allocated for the storage and transportation of food grains to ensure efficient distribution and minimize wastage.

3. Distribution through Public Distribution System (PDS): Subsidized food grains and essential commodities are distributed through PDS outlets (Fair Price Shops) to eligible households.

Benefits of food subsidy to the consumer include:

1. Affordability: Subsidized food prices make essential items like rice, wheat, and pulses more affordable for low-income households.

2. Food Security: Access to subsidized food through PDS ensures food security, especially for vulnerable populations.

3. Nutritional Support: Affordable access to staple foods promotes better nutrition and reduces malnutrition and hunger.

4. Socio-Economic Welfare: Food subsidy programs contribute to poverty alleviation and improve overall welfare by reducing the financial burden of food expenses on households.

Food subsidies play a critical role in ensuring food access and affordability, particularly for economically disadvantaged populations, contributing to improved public health and well-being.

"Foods from water" typically refers to aquatic or marine-based foods that are sourced from bodies of water such as oceans, seas, rivers, and lakes. These foods are a valuable source of nutrition and play a significant role in global food production and consumption:

1. Fish: Fish are rich in high-quality protein, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins (such as vitamin D and B12), and minerals (like iodine and selenium). They are important for heart health, brain function, and overall growth and development.

2. Shellfish: This category includes mollusks (e.g., clams, oysters, mussels) and crustaceans (e.g., shrimp, crabs, lobsters). Shellfish are nutrient-dense, providing protein, vitamins (B12, zinc), and minerals (iron, copper).

3. Seaweed and Algae: Seaweeds are rich in vitamins (especially vitamin K and folate), minerals (iodine, calcium), and antioxidants. They are used in various cuisines for their unique flavors and nutritional benefits.

4. Aquatic Plants: Some aquatic plants like water spinach (kangkong) and watercress are consumed as leafy vegetables, providing vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber.

Foods from water contribute to a diverse and nutritious diet, offering essential nutrients that support overall health and well-being. However, sustainable harvesting and responsible aquaculture practices are important to ensure the long-term health of aquatic ecosystems and the availability of these valuable food sources.