The development of video programs involves a series of steps to ensure effective communication and engagement. Here are the key steps in the process:

1. Needs Assessment: Begin by identifying the purpose and goals of the video program. Understand the target audience, their learning needs, and the specific objectives the video aims to achieve. Conduct a needs assessment to inform the content and approach.

2. Scriptwriting: Develop a script outlining the content, structure, and flow of the video. Clearly define the key messages, narration, visuals, and any on-screen text. The script serves as a roadmap for the entire production process.

3. Storyboarding: Create a visual representation of the script through storyboarding. This involves sketching or digitally illustrating key scenes, shots, and transitions. Storyboarding helps visualize the sequence of content and ensures alignment with the script.

4. Pre-Production Planning: Plan the logistics of the video shoot, including selecting shooting locations, coordinating talent and crew, and arranging equipment. Create a production schedule, detailing the timeline for filming, editing, and finalizing the video.

5. Filming: Execute the plan by recording the video content. This involves setting up cameras, lighting, and sound equipment according to the storyboard. Direct talent, capture relevant shots, and ensure the quality of audio-visual elements during the filming process.

6. Editing: Post-production is a critical phase where the recorded footage is edited to create a cohesive and polished video. This includes cutting unnecessary scenes, adding transitions, incorporating graphics or animations, and refining audio elements. Video editing software is used to enhance the visual and auditory aspects of the content.

7. Review and Revision: Once the initial edit is complete, review the video for coherence, accuracy, and overall quality. Seek feedback from stakeholders or subject matter experts, and make necessary revisions to improve the final product.

8. Distribution and Delivery: Determine the distribution strategy for the video. This may involve uploading it to online platforms, embedding it in e-learning modules, or distributing it through physical media. Ensure that the video is easily accessible to the target audience.

9. Feedback and Evaluation: Collect feedback from the audience after the video has been distributed. Evaluate the effectiveness of the video in achieving its objectives. Use feedback to inform future video development and improve the instructional impact.

These steps provide a structured approach to the development of video programs, ensuring that the content is well-planned, visually appealing, and aligned with the intended learning outcomes. The iterative nature of the process allows for continuous improvement based on feedback and evaluation.

Open Educational Resources (OERs):

Open Educational Resources (OERs) are educational materials that are freely available for use, reuse, adaptation, and sharing. These resources are designed to be accessible to educators, students, and self-learners without significant financial barriers. OERs encompass a wide range of content, including textbooks, lecture notes, quizzes, videos, and other learning materials that can be openly accessed, modified, and distributed.

Key Characteristics of OERs:

1. Open Access: OERs are typically published under open licenses, such as Creative Commons licenses, that allow users to access, use, and often modify the content. This openness promotes collaboration and the free exchange of knowledge.

2. Free of Cost: OERs are available at no cost to users. This affordability eliminates financial barriers, making education more accessible to a global audience.

3. Permission to Modify: OER licenses often grant users the permission to adapt or modify the content to suit their specific educational needs. This flexibility encourages customization and localization of materials.

4. Perpetual Access: OERs are designed to remain accessible over time. They are not subject to the traditional restrictions associated with copyrighted materials, allowing for long-term use and sustainability.

Development of OERs:

1. Creation by Educators:

   • Textbooks and Lecture Notes: Educators can create OERs by developing textbooks, lecture notes, or study guides. These materials are often tailored to specific courses or subjects.
   • Lesson Plans and Activities: OERs may include lesson plans, classroom activities, and assignments that educators develop and share openly for others to use and adapt.

2. Collaborative Authoring:

   • Wikis and Collaborative Platforms: OERs can be collaboratively developed using platforms like Wikibooks or Google Docs, where educators, experts, and students contribute and edit content collectively.
   • Online Repositories: Collaborative repositories like OER Commons and MERLOT provide spaces for educators to share and collaborate on OER development.

3. Adaptation and Remixing:

   • Modifying Existing Resources: OERs encourage educators to adapt and remix existing materials to better align with their teaching methods and students' needs. For example, modifying an open textbook or creating a new version of a video tutorial.
   • Localization: OERs can be adapted to different cultural contexts or translated into various languages to address the diverse needs of learners worldwide.

4. Use of Multimedia:

   • Video Lectures and Animations: Educators may create OERs in the form of video lectures, animations, or simulations. These multimedia resources enhance the learning experience and cater to various learning styles.
   • Interactive Content: OERs can include interactive elements such as quizzes, simulations, and online assessments that engage learners actively in the learning process.

5. Institutional Initiatives:

   • University and Organizational Support: Some educational institutions and organizations actively participate in OER development initiatives. They may allocate resources and encourage faculty to create and share openly licensed materials.

6. Government Initiatives and Grants:

   • Funding Programs: Governments or philanthropic organizations often provide grants to support the creation and dissemination of OERs. These programs aim to promote open education and reduce educational costs.

7. Quality Assurance:

   • Peer Review: To ensure the quality of OERs, they may undergo peer review processes, similar to traditional academic publishing. Peer-reviewed OERs carry credibility and are seen as reliable resources.

8. Continuous Improvement:

   • User Feedback: OER creators often welcome feedback from users, whether educators or students, to continuously improve and update the materials. This iterative process ensures the relevance and effectiveness of the OERs over time.

In conclusion, OERs are developed through collaborative efforts, leveraging technology and open licensing to create freely accessible educational materials. The inclusive nature of OER development empowers educators, institutions, and learners to actively participate in the creation and improvement of educational resources for the benefit of global education.