Indoor air pollutants can have significant impacts on health, leading to respiratory problems, allergies, cardiovascular issues, and other health problems. Common indoor air pollutants and their health impacts include:

1. Particulate Matter (PM): Fine particles from combustion sources (e.g., tobacco smoke, cooking, and heating appliances) can penetrate deep into the lungs, causing respiratory irritation, exacerbating asthma, and increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

2. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Chemicals released from household products such as paints, cleaning agents, and furniture can cause eye, nose, and throat irritation, headaches, dizziness, and long-term exposure may lead to liver, kidney, or central nervous system damage.

3. Carbon Monoxide (CO): Colorless and odorless gas emitted from combustion processes (e.g., gas stoves, heating systems, and tobacco smoke) can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea, and in severe cases, carbon monoxide poisoning leading to death.

4. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2): Produced by combustion processes (e.g., gas stoves, kerosene heaters, and tobacco smoke), NO2 can aggravate respiratory conditions like asthma, increase susceptibility to respiratory infections, and contribute to the development of respiratory diseases.

5. Formaldehyde: Found in building materials, furniture, and household products, formaldehyde exposure can cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, respiratory symptoms, and in some cases, may be linked to cancer.

6. Mold and Mildew: Fungal spores released by mold and mildew growth in damp indoor environments can trigger allergies, respiratory infections, and exacerbate asthma symptoms.

To mitigate indoor air pollution, proper ventilation, regular cleaning, minimizing use of VOC-emitting products, and using air purifiers or filters can help improve indoor air quality and reduce associated health risks.