Question formation in English involves structuring sentences to inquire about information, seek clarification, or engage in conversation. Questions can be formed using different word order, auxiliary verbs, and question words (interrogatives). Here's a short note on question formation in English:

1. Word Order in Questions:
   In English, the word order changes in questions compared to declarative statements. Typically, questions start with an auxiliary verb (or a modal verb) followed by the subject and main verb:

   • Statement: She is reading a book.
   • Question: Is she reading a book?

2. Auxiliary Verbs and Inversion:
   Questions often use auxiliary verbs (e.g., do, does, did, can, will) or modal verbs (e.g., can, will, should) to form questions:

   • Statement: They have finished their homework.
   • Question: Have they finished their homework?

3. Question Words (Interrogatives):
   Interrogative words (question words) are used to ask specific information in questions:

   • Who: Who is coming to the party?
   • What: What time is the meeting?
   • Where: Where did you go yesterday?
   • When: When will they arrive?
   • Why: Why are you late?
   • How: How did you solve the problem?
   • Which: Which book do you prefer?

4. Tag Questions:
   Tag questions are short questions added at the end of a statement to seek confirmation or agreement:

   • It's raining, isn't it?
   • You like pizza, don't you?

5. Examples of Question Formation:

   • Yes/No Question: Are you ready for the meeting?
   • WH-Question: Where did you go on vacation?
   • Tag Question: She's coming with us, isn't she?
   • Alternative Question: Do you want tea or coffee?
   • Indirect Question: Can you tell me where the nearest post office is?

In summary, question formation in English involves using auxiliary verbs, question words, and different sentence structures to create inquiries. Mastering question formation is essential for effective communication and conversation, allowing speakers to gather information, seek clarification, and engage in meaningful dialogue. Understanding the various types of questions and their structures enhances language proficiency and communication skills in English.

Sure, let's fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions:

• Mother Teresa was born on 27th August, 1910 in Yugoslavia.
• At the age of twelve, she wanted to become a nun.
• When she was nineteen, she arrived in India.
• Some months later, she went to Patna to do a course in nursing.

Here's the completed text with the correct prepositions:
"Mother Teresa was born on 27th August, 1910 in Yugoslavia. At the age of twelve, she wanted to become a nun. When she was nineteen, she arrived in India. Some months later, she went to Patna to do a course in nursing."

Explanation of prepositions used:

• "On" is used before specific dates (e.g., 27th August, 1910).
• "In" is used before countries (e.g., Yugoslavia) to indicate place of birth.
• "At" is used before expressions of time (e.g., the age of twelve) to indicate a specific point in time.
• "In" is used before countries (e.g., India) to indicate arrival or location.
• "To" is used before a destination (e.g., Patna) to indicate movement towards a place.

These prepositions are used appropriately based on standard English usage and grammar rules.

Sure, let's complete the sentences with appropriate subordinate clauses and identify the type of each clause (noun, adjective, or adverb clause):

i. It is clear that she is not interested in the topic.

• Type of clause: Noun clause (serving as the subject of the sentence)

ii. If we run fast enough, we can catch the bus.

• Type of clause: Adverb clause (modifying the verb "can catch")

iii. My English teacher, who is very knowledgeable about grammar, teaches us well.

• Type of clause: Adjective clause (modifying the noun "teacher")

iv. The movie which we watched last night was fantastic.

• Type of clause: Adjective clause (modifying the noun "movie")

v. I don’t know how to solve this math problem.

• Type of clause: Adverb clause (modifying the verb "know")

In each completed sentence:

• The noun clause in sentence (i) functions as the subject of the main clause.
• The adverb clause in sentence (ii) modifies the verb "can catch."
• The adjective clause in sentence (iii) provides additional information about the noun "teacher."
• The adjective clause in sentence (iv) gives more details about the noun "movie."
• The adverb clause in sentence (v) modifies the verb "know" by explaining the manner or reason for not knowing.

To form questions about the parts of the statements that are in CAPITAL letters, we can restructure the sentences to focus on those specific elements. Here are the questions:

i. NEW DELHI is the capital of India.

• Question: What is the capital of India?

ii. He goes for a walk EARLY IN THE MORNING.

• Question: When does he go for a walk?

iii. John went for a film WITH HIS COUSIN.

• Question: Who did John go for a film with?

iv. He usually goes to the KALKAJI post-office.

• Question: Where does he usually go?

v. I would like some TOAST AND BUTTER for breakfast.

• Question: What would I like for breakfast?

These questions are formed by focusing on the capitalized phrases in each sentence and restructuring them into interrogative sentences that inquire about specific details mentioned in the original statements.

Conversion, also known as zero derivation or functional shift, is a morphological process in linguistics where a word changes its grammatical category (part of speech) without any overt morphological change. This process involves using the same word form to express different syntactic or semantic functions. Here's a brief note on conversion:

1. Definition and Process: Conversion is the phenomenon whereby a word shifts from one grammatical category to another without adding affixes or changing its form. This transformation allows words to serve different syntactic roles based on their context within a sentence.

2. Examples of Conversion:

   • Noun to Verb: Examples include "hammer" (noun) becoming "to hammer" (verb), "book" (noun) becoming "to book" (verb), and "ship" (noun) becoming "to ship" (verb).
   • Adjective to Noun: Examples include "green" (adjective) becoming "the green" (noun, referring to the color), "old" (adjective) becoming "the old" (noun, referring to old people), and "poor" (adjective) becoming "the poor" (noun, referring to those in poverty).
   • Verb to Noun: Examples include "run" (verb) becoming "a run" (noun), "jump" (verb) becoming "a jump" (noun), and "swim" (verb) becoming "a swim" (noun).

3. Productivity and Flexibility: Conversion is a productive and flexible process in English, allowing for the creation of new words and expressions based on existing vocabulary. This morphological device contributes to the richness and adaptability of the English language.

4. Semantic Shift: Conversion often involves a semantic shift where the word retains its original meaning but assumes a different grammatical role. For example, "hammer" as a noun refers to a tool, while "to hammer" as a verb means to strike with a hammer.

5. Syntactic Context: The syntactic context plays a crucial role in identifying the grammatical category of a converted word. Contextual cues help determine whether a word functions as a noun, verb, adjective, or other part of speech.

In summary, conversion is a morphological device that demonstrates the flexibility and creativity of language by allowing words to change their grammatical category based on usage and context. This process is a common feature of English morphology and contributes to the diversity and adaptability of vocabulary in spoken and written communication.