Here are the question tags for the given statements:

(i) Let's do this work together, ……..?

• Question tag: "shall we?"

(ii) She was a little tired, ………?

• Question tag: "wasn't she?"

(iii) He couldn't go for a walk, ………?

• Question tag: "could he?"

(iv) She is not your daughter, ………..?

• Question tag: "is she?"

(v) Switch off the fan, ………..?

• Question tag: "will you?"

Explanation:

• Question tags are short phrases added to the end of statements to turn them into questions and seek confirmation or agreement.
• The question tags are formed by inverting the auxiliary verb (or using a suitable auxiliary) and adding the corresponding pronoun.
• For affirmative statements, the question tag typically uses a negative form, and vice versa.
• In statement (i), "Let's do this work together" is an affirmative statement, so the corresponding question tag is "shall we?"
• In statement (ii), "She was a little tired" is affirmative, so the question tag is "wasn't she?" (using the negative form).
• In statement (iii), "He couldn't go for a walk" is negative, so the question tag is "could he?" (inverting the auxiliary "could").
• In statement (iv), "She is not your daughter" is negative, so the question tag is "is she?" (using the auxiliary "is").
• In statement (v), "Switch off the fan" is an imperative statement, and the corresponding polite question tag is "will you?" to seek compliance.

These question tags help to engage the listener, seek agreement or confirmation, and facilitate conversation flow in English.

Word compounding is a linguistic process whereby two or more individual words (or morphemes) are combined to form a new word with a distinct meaning. Compounding is a common method of word formation in many languages, including English, and it allows speakers to create new words by combining existing elements. Compound words can be formed from nouns, verbs, adjectives, and other word classes.

Types of Compounds:

1. Noun Compounds:

   • Endocentric Compounds: One component is the head that determines the semantic category of the compound (e.g., "blackboard," where "board" is the head).
   • Exocentric Compounds: The compound does not belong to the same category as its head (e.g., "pickpocket," where the compound refers to a person but does not have a head noun).

2. Verb Compounds:

   • Resultative Compounds: The compound expresses a resultant state or action (e.g., "dry-clean," "short-circuit").
   • Idiomatic Verb Compounds: The meaning of the compound is not predictable from the meanings of its components (e.g., "kick the bucket," "turn a blind eye").

3. Adjective Compounds:

   • Coordinate Compounds: Both elements contribute equally to the meaning of the compound (e.g., "red-hot," "big-hearted").
   • Predicate Adjective Compounds: One element is a modifier and the other is the head (e.g., "high-tech," "old-fashioned").

4. Compound Prepositions and Adverbs:

   • Prepositional Compounds: Formed by combining prepositions with nouns or other words (e.g., "inside," "outside").
   • Adverbial Compounds: Combinations of adverbs to form new adverbial expressions (e.g., "anywhere," "everywhere").

5. Combining Forms and Affix Compounds:

   • Prefix Compounds: Formed by combining a prefix with a base word (e.g., "unhurt," "submarine").
   • Suffix Compounds: Formed by combining a suffix with a base word (e.g., "carelessness," "movement").

6. Phrasal Compounds:

   • Combinations of two or more words that function as a single compound word (e.g., "break up," "put off").

Compound words can vary in their structure, meaning, and grammatical category based on the types of elements being combined. Understanding the various types of compounds helps in deciphering the meanings of complex words and enriches vocabulary comprehension in language.

The role of context in language is fundamental and multifaceted, playing a crucial role in communication, comprehension, and meaning construction. Context refers to the surrounding circumstances, environment, and information that help shape the interpretation and understanding of language. Here are key aspects highlighting the role of context in language:

1. Facilitating Meaning Interpretation:
   Context provides essential cues and information that aid in interpreting the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences. The meaning of language is often context-dependent, with contextual clues helping to disambiguate words or phrases that have multiple meanings. For example, the word "bank" can refer to a financial institution or the side of a river, and the context in which it is used determines its intended meaning.

2. Resolving Ambiguity:
   Context helps resolve ambiguity in language by providing additional information about the speaker's intentions, emotions, and the situation. For instance, the statement "She saw the man with the telescope" can have different meanings based on the context—whether "with the telescope" refers to the woman using a telescope or the man being observed through a telescope.

3. Influencing Language Use:
   The context in which language is used influences language choice, register, and style. Different contexts (e.g., formal vs. informal, academic vs. casual) dictate appropriate vocabulary, grammar, and tone. For example, the language used in a job interview will differ significantly from that used in a friendly conversation with friends.

4. Enhancing Communication Effectiveness:
   Context aids in effective communication by providing shared knowledge, assumptions, and expectations between communicators. Communicators rely on contextual information to gauge the appropriate level of detail, relevance, and tone when conveying messages.

5. Enriching Pragmatic Understanding:
   Pragmatics, the study of how context influences meaning in language use, emphasizes the role of context in understanding implied meanings, politeness, and conversational implicature. Context helps interpret indirect speech acts and navigate social interactions effectively.

6. Supporting Language Acquisition:
   Context plays a crucial role in language acquisition by providing learners with meaningful situations and real-world examples to understand and practice language use. Learners rely on contextual clues to infer the meanings of unfamiliar words and structures.

Overall, context is inseparable from language use and understanding. It shapes the way language is interpreted, used, and learned, contributing significantly to effective communication and linguistic competence. Awareness of context is essential for communicators to convey messages accurately and for language learners to grasp the nuances and subtleties of language use in different situations.

Negation in English refers to the grammatical process of expressing the opposite or denial of a statement or proposition. It is achieved by using negative words or structures to indicate that something is not true, not happening, or not the case. The primary way to form negation in English is by using the word "not" or other negative words such as "no," "never," "none," "nobody," "nothing," etc.

The most common method of negation in English involves using "not" with a verb to form a negative statement. For example:

• "He is not coming to the party."
• "She does not like spicy food."
• "They have not finished their homework."

In addition to using "not," English also employs auxiliary verbs such as "do," "does," "did," "can't," "won't," "isn't," "aren't," etc., to express negation:

• "I don't know the answer."
• "She can't speak French."
• "They aren't going on vacation this year."

Negation is essential for conveying contradictory information or expressing refusal, denial, or absence. Understanding how to form negations correctly is fundamental in English grammar and communication, as it allows speakers and writers to express both positive and negative meanings accurately in various contexts.

To turn the given sentences into negative form, we can use the appropriate negative forms of the verbs in each sentence. Here are the transformed sentences:

(i) The apples are fresh.

• Negative: The apples are not fresh.

(ii) She is satisfied with her job.

• Negative: She is not satisfied with her job.

(iii) Rohan accepted the new job offer.

• Negative: Rohan did not accept the new job offer.

(iv) They all are very co-operative.

• Negative: They all are not very co-operative.

(v) She is happy with her job.

• Negative: She is not happy with her job.

In each transformation, we have added the word "not" to negate the verb in the original sentence. This changes the meaning to indicate the opposite of the positive statement. Using negative forms is essential for expressing denial or contradiction in English sentences.