Bring out the distinction between drought and famine.
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Bring out the distinction between drought and famine.
Drought and famine are related but distinct phenomena:
Drought: Drought refers to an extended period of deficient precipitation relative to the statistical multi-year average for a region, leading to water shortages. Drought can have various impacts, including reduced crop yields, water scarcity, and ecosystem stress. It primarily affects agriculture and water supply, potentially leading to food insecurity.
Famine: Famine is a severe shortage of food in a specific geographic area or population, resulting in widespread hunger, malnutrition, and sometimes starvation. Famine is often caused by a combination of factors, including prolonged drought, crop failure, conflict, economic instability, and inadequate food distribution systems. Unlike drought, famine directly affects food availability and access, leading to humanitarian crises and increased mortality rates, particularly among vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly.
In summary, while drought refers to a prolonged period of water scarcity affecting agriculture and ecosystems, famine specifically denotes a severe shortage of food leading to hunger and malnutrition among populations, often exacerbated by broader socio-economic and political factors.