Classify TICs as per their toxicity. Give one example of each.

Toxic Industrial Chemicals (TICs) can be classified based on their toxicity levels, ranging from low to high. Here are examples of TICs categorized according to their toxicity:

1. Low-Toxicity TICs:

   • Example: Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)
   • Low-toxicity TICs are substances with relatively low acute toxicity levels, posing minimal risk of severe health effects at typical exposure levels. Ethanol, commonly known as ethyl alcohol, is widely used in various industrial applications, including solvents, disinfectants, and fuel additives. While ethanol can cause irritation and central nervous system depression at high concentrations, it is generally considered safe for use in controlled environments.

2. Moderate-Toxicity TICs:

   • Example: Formaldehyde
   • Moderate-toxicity TICs have higher acute toxicity levels compared to low-toxicity TICs and can cause adverse health effects at lower exposure levels. Formaldehyde is a colorless, strong-smelling gas used in the production of resins, adhesives, and various household products. Exposure to formaldehyde vapor can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat, leading to respiratory symptoms and allergic reactions. Prolonged or high-level exposure to formaldehyde may increase the risk of respiratory and neurological disorders.

3. High-Toxicity TICs:

   • Example: Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)
   • High-toxicity TICs are substances with extremely potent acute toxicity levels, capable of causing severe health effects or death at low concentrations. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is a highly toxic gas used in industrial processes such as metallurgy, electroplating, and pesticide manufacturing. Inhalation of hydrogen cyanide can rapidly lead to respiratory failure, cardiovascular collapse, and death due to its ability to inhibit cellular respiration. Additionally, hydrogen cyanide exposure can cause neurological symptoms, including headache, dizziness, and seizures, making it a potent chemical threat in both industrial accidents and deliberate acts of terrorism.

By classifying TICs based on their toxicity levels, authorities and emergency responders can prioritize response efforts, implement appropriate protective measures, and mitigate the risks associated with chemical incidents effectively.