Define brooder. Briefly explain different types of brooders available in the market.

A brooder is a device used in poultry farming to provide a controlled and warm environment for newly hatched chicks during the early stages of their development. Brooders are essential for maintaining optimal temperature and humidity levels, ensuring the health and survival of chicks until they are old enough to regulate their body temperature independently.

Different types of brooders available in the market include:

1. Heat Lamp Brooders: Heat lamp brooders consist of a heat lamp suspended above the brooding area, emitting infrared heat to warm the chicks. These brooders are commonly used in small-scale or backyard poultry operations due to their affordability and simplicity. However, they require careful monitoring to prevent overheating and fire hazards.

2. Electric Plate Brooders: Electric plate brooders consist of a heated metal or plastic plate placed on the floor of the brooding area, providing warmth to the chicks from below. These brooders are energy-efficient and safe, as they do not pose the risk of fire associated with heat lamps. Electric plate brooders are suitable for both small-scale and commercial poultry farms.

3. Gas Brooders: Gas brooders utilize propane or natural gas to generate heat, warming the brooding area through radiant heat emission. These brooders are commonly used in larger poultry farms due to their high heating capacity and efficiency. Gas brooders require proper ventilation and gas supply infrastructure but offer consistent and reliable heat output.

4. Infrared Brooders: Infrared brooders emit radiant heat in the form of infrared radiation, warming the chicks directly without heating the surrounding air. These brooders are energy-efficient and provide uniform heat distribution, reducing the risk of cold spots. Infrared brooders are suitable for both small-scale and commercial poultry operations, offering precise temperature control and minimizing energy consumption.

5. Hover Brooders: Hover brooders consist of a heated hover or canopy suspended above the brooding area, creating a warm microclimate for the chicks. These brooders mimic the natural behavior of brooding hens, providing warmth and security to the chicks. Hover brooders are suitable for both small-scale and commercial poultry farms, promoting natural behaviors and improving chick welfare.

Overall, the choice of brooder depends on factors such as farm size, budget, energy efficiency, and ease of operation, with each type offering unique advantages and considerations for poultry farmers.