Define Causal Parallelism.
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Causal parallelism is a concept in the philosophy of mind, particularly associated with the ideas of the 17th-century philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. This concept addresses the relationship between mental and physical events, rejecting direct causal interaction between the mind and body.
According to causal parallelism, mental and physical events unfold independently, like two synchronized but separate streams, without one causing the other. In Leibniz's view, both mind and body are expressions of a pre-established harmony created by a higher power, often identified as God.
Causal parallelism arises as a solution to the mind-body problem, avoiding the need for a direct causal connection between mental and physical events. Instead, mental perceptions and bodily actions are seen as running in parallel, perfectly synchronized without influencing each other. This view maintains the integrity of both mental and physical realms while preserving a harmonious order predetermined by a divine plan.
Causal parallelism has been influential in shaping discussions on the nature of the mind-body relationship and has contributed to debates on dualism, determinism, and the metaphysical foundations of reality.