Define Concept of Visesa in Vaisesika.

In the Vaisesika school of Indian philosophy, the concept of Visesa refers to particularity or individuality. Visesa plays a crucial role in the Vaisesika system, which is known for its atomistic ontology and emphasis on categorizing the diversity of the universe.

Key Aspects of Visesa in Vaisesika:

1. Atomic Theory: Visesa is closely connected to the atomic theory proposed by the sage Kanada, the founder of Vaisesika. According to this theory, the ultimate constituents of reality are paramanu (atoms), and each atom possesses a specific characteristic or quality that distinguishes it from others.

2. Individuality of Substances: Visesa is applied to substances (dravya) in the Vaisesika system, highlighting the unique characteristics that differentiate one substance from another. These individual characteristics contribute to the diversity observed in the phenomenal world.

3. Particularity of Qualities: In addition to substances, Visesa is also attributed to qualities (guna) and actions (karma). Each quality or action is considered specific to a particular substance, further emphasizing the individuality of entities in the Vaisesika worldview.

4. Foundation for Classification: The concept of Visesa serves as the foundation for the systematic classification of entities in the Vaisesika system. The recognition of specific characteristics allows for the categorization and organization of diverse elements within the framework of Vaisesika ontology.

In summary, Visesa in Vaisesika underscores the particularity and individuality of entities in the universe, contributing to the school's comprehensive classification of substances, qualities, and actions. The concept is fundamental to understanding the nuanced diversity that characterizes the Vaisesika worldview.