Define cyber space. Explain the common cybercrime techniques briefly.

Cyberspace refers to the digital environment in which electronic communication occurs, encompassing the internet, computer networks, and interconnected systems. It represents the virtual realm where information is shared, transactions take place, and interactions occur electronically.

Common Cybercrime Techniques:

1. Phishing: Phishing is a technique used by cybercriminals to trick individuals into divulging sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, or financial details. This is typically done through deceptive emails, messages, or websites that mimic legitimate entities.

2. Malware: Malware, short for malicious software, refers to software designed to infiltrate and damage computer systems. Common types of malware include viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and ransomware. Malware can be used to steal data, disrupt operations, or extort money.

3. Social Engineering: Social engineering involves manipulating individuals into divulging confidential information or performing actions that compromise security. Attackers use psychological manipulation techniques to exploit human trust and bypass security measures.

4. Ransomware: Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts files on a victim's computer and demands payment (ransom) in exchange for decrypting the files. It can lead to data loss, financial damages, and disruption of operations for businesses and individuals.

5. Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks: DoS attacks aim to disrupt the normal functioning of a system, network, or website by overwhelming it with a flood of traffic. This prevents legitimate users from accessing the service and can cause downtime and loss of revenue.

6. Identity Theft: Identity theft involves stealing personal information (such as social security numbers, credit card details, or login credentials) to impersonate individuals for fraudulent activities. Cybercriminals use this stolen information to commit financial fraud or gain unauthorized access to accounts.

7. Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks: In MitM attacks, an attacker intercepts communication between two parties to eavesdrop on or alter the exchanged information. This can compromise the confidentiality and integrity of data transmitted over networks.

These common cybercrime techniques highlight the importance of cybersecurity measures such as using strong passwords, enabling two-factor authentication, keeping software up to date, and raising awareness about potential threats among users to mitigate risks and protect against cyberattacks in the digital age.