Define Gandhi-Irwin Pact.

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact, also known as the Delhi Pact, was a pivotal agreement signed between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin, the Viceroy of India, on March 5, 1931. This pact marked a crucial development during the Indian independence movement and represented a significant step towards resolving political tensions between the Indian National Congress and the British colonial administration.

Key Features of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact:

1. Release of Political Prisoners:

   • One of the main provisions of the pact was the agreement by the British authorities to release all political prisoners who were detained for their participation in the civil disobedience movement. This move aimed to create a conducive atmosphere for constructive negotiations.

2. Participation in the Second Round Table Conference:

   • Mahatma Gandhi agreed to call off the civil disobedience movement and participate in the Second Round Table Conference in London. The British government sought Indian representation at the conference to discuss constitutional reforms and India's future political structure.

3. Recognition of Congress:

   • The pact marked a symbolic recognition of the Indian National Congress as a legitimate political entity by the British government. This recognition was an acknowledgment of the Congress's role as a representative of Indian political interests.

4. End of Civil Disobedience Movement:

   • In return for the concessions made by the British government, Gandhi agreed to discontinue the civil disobedience movement and related activities. This decision was intended to demonstrate goodwill and a commitment to peaceful negotiations.

5. Expectations and Limitations:

   • The pact, while signifying progress, had its limitations. It did not address the broader issues of complete independence for India or the question of dominion status. The pact was more of a truce aimed at creating a conducive environment for further discussions.

6. Limited Success:

   • Despite the agreement, the subsequent negotiations at the Second Round Table Conference faced challenges, and the parties failed to reach a consensus on key issues. The discussions did not lead to a conclusive settlement, and the quest for Indian independence continued.

While the Gandhi-Irwin Pact did not result in a comprehensive resolution of the larger issues surrounding Indian independence, it marked a significant moment of dialogue between the Indian National Congress and the British authorities. The pact demonstrated the potential for negotiation and compromise, even as the struggle for India's freedom continued to evolve.