Define Hetvabhas.

Hetvabhasa, in Indian philosophy and logic, refers to the fallacy of presenting an invalid reason or a deceptive argument that appears to be valid. The term is derived from Sanskrit, where "hetu" means reason, and "abhasa" means appearance or semblance. Hetvabhasa occurs when the presented reason lacks the ability to establish a valid connection between the premises and the conclusion, creating an illusion of logical support.

There are various subtypes of Hetvabhasa, each highlighting specific flaws in reasoning. These include "Savyabhicara" (irrelevant reason), "Viruddha" (contradictory reason), "Satpratipaksha" (mutually destructive reason), and "Asiddha" (unproved reason). The recognition and analysis of Hetvabhasa are essential in the Nyaya school of logic, emphasizing the need for sound and valid reasoning in constructing logical arguments.

In Indian logic, particularly in Nyaya, the identification and elimination of Hetvabhasa play a crucial role in debate and argumentation. Logicians strive to develop valid and sound arguments while avoiding fallacies to ensure the clarity, coherence, and reliability of their reasoning. The study of Hetvabhasa contributes to the refinement of logical discourse and the pursuit of truth within the framework of Indian philosophical traditions.