Define Humidity.
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Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor present in the air or a gas. It is a measure of the moisture content in the atmosphere and plays a significant role in weather patterns, climate, and human comfort. Humidity is typically expressed as a percentage known as relative humidity (RH), which indicates the amount of water vapor in the air relative to the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold at a given temperature and pressure.
Relative humidity is calculated using the formula:
[ \text{Relative humidity (\%)} = \frac{{\text{Actual water vapor pressure}}}{{\text{Saturation water vapor pressure}}} \times 100\% ]
High relative humidity indicates that the air is close to being saturated with moisture, while low relative humidity indicates drier conditions. Humidity levels influence various aspects of daily life, including how comfortable we feel, the likelihood of precipitation, and the development of certain weather phenomena such as fog, dew, and clouds. Monitoring humidity is essential in many industries, including agriculture, HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning), and meteorology, to ensure optimal conditions for human health, equipment performance, and environmental sustainability.