Define Indian remote sensing satellite series.

The Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite series is a constellation of Earth observation satellites developed and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Launched since the late 1980s, the IRS satellites have played a significant role in providing valuable data for various applications, including agriculture, forestry, water resources, urban planning, disaster management, and environmental monitoring.

Key Features of the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite Series:

1. Launch History:
   The IRS satellite series began with the launch of IRS-1A on March 17, 1988. Since then, multiple satellites have been launched as part of this program, each carrying advanced sensors and instruments.

2. Payload and Sensors:
   IRS satellites are equipped with a variety of remote sensing payloads, including optical and microwave sensors. These payloads capture data in different spectral bands, enabling multispectral and hyperspectral imaging, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations, and other remote sensing applications.

3. Applications:
   The IRS satellites have been utilized for a wide range of applications, contributing to India's development and resource management. They have played a crucial role in agricultural monitoring, land use planning, water resource management, disaster management, and infrastructure development.

4. Resolution and Sensing Capabilities:
   The IRS satellites offer varying spatial resolutions, with some providing high-resolution imagery suitable for detailed mapping and monitoring. The sensing capabilities of these satellites cover the visible, near-infrared, shortwave infrared, and microwave regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

5. Operational Longevity:
   Several IRS satellites have demonstrated remarkable operational longevity, surpassing their intended mission lifetimes. This extended operational capability ensures continuity in data acquisition and supports long-term monitoring programs.

6. International Collaboration:
   The IRS program has facilitated international collaboration through the distribution of remote sensing data to global users. Many countries and international organizations benefit from the data provided by the IRS satellites for a range of applications, fostering cooperation in Earth observation.

7. Evolution and Advancements:
   Over the years, the IRS satellite series has evolved with advancements in sensor technology and mission objectives. Successive generations of satellites, such as IRS-1, IRS-2, and subsequent iterations, have incorporated improvements to enhance the quality and diversity of remote sensing data.

8. Cartosat Series:
   Within the IRS program, the Cartosat series is dedicated to high-resolution Earth observation and cartographic applications. These satellites contribute to detailed mapping, urban planning, and infrastructure development.

9. RISAT Series:
   The Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT) series is focused on all-weather, day-and-night Earth observation using synthetic aperture radar. These satellites support applications such as agriculture, soil moisture estimation, and disaster management.

The IRS satellite series reflects India's commitment to harnessing space technology for socio-economic development and environmental sustainability. By providing a comprehensive and consistent Earth observation capability, these satellites have significantly contributed to various sectors, enabling informed decision-making and resource management.