Define Kashmir-Shavism.
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Kashmir Shaivism is a philosophical and spiritual tradition that emerged in the Kashmir Valley during the early centuries of the Common Era. It is a distinctive school of Shaivism, a major branch of Hinduism, known for its emphasis on monistic and nondualistic principles.
At the heart of Kashmir Shaivism is the concept of 'Shiva' as the ultimate, transcendental reality, both immanent and transcendent. Unlike some other Shaiva traditions, Kashmir Shaivism places a strong emphasis on the individual's direct experience and realization of their inherent divinity.
Key elements of Kashmir Shaivism include:
Monistic Idealism (Advaita): Kashmir Shaivism propounds the philosophy of monistic idealism, asserting that the ultimate reality is a singular, undifferentiated consciousness (Shiva). The material world is seen as an expression of this divine consciousness.
Recognition of Shakti: The tradition acknowledges the dynamic aspect of the divine, referred to as Shakti, which represents the creative and transformative energy inherent in all of existence. Shakti is both the power of Shiva and the means through which individuals can attain spiritual realization.
Tantra and Rituals: Kashmir Shaivism incorporates tantric practices and rituals aimed at harnessing the energies of the body and mind to attain spiritual awakening. These practices include mantra recitation, meditation, and specific rituals associated with the worship of Shiva and Shakti.
Trika Philosophy: The core philosophical framework of Kashmir Shaivism is often referred to as Trika, emphasizing the triad of Shiva, Shakti, and the individual soul (Atman). The Trika philosophy explores the nature of reality, the relationship between consciousness and matter, and the path to self-realization.
Kashmir Shaivism has had a profound influence on Indian philosophy, particularly in the understanding of nondualism and the transformative power of consciousness. It continues to be a living tradition with a rich heritage of philosophical texts, spiritual practices, and a unique perspective on the nature of ultimate reality.