Define Scholastic philosophy.

Scholastic philosophy refers to the intellectual tradition that emerged in medieval Europe, particularly during the Middle Ages, and was characterized by a systematic integration of Christian theology with classical Greek and Roman philosophy. The term "scholastic" is derived from the Latin word "schola," meaning school, highlighting the association with educational institutions of the time.

Scholastic philosophers, often working within the framework of the Catholic Church, sought to reconcile faith with reason, drawing extensively from the works of ancient philosophers, especially Aristotle, and incorporating them into the Christian worldview. Key figures in scholastic philosophy include St. Anselm, St. Thomas Aquinas, and John Duns Scotus.

The scholastics engaged in rigorous dialectical reasoning, utilizing logical analysis and argumentation to explore theological and philosophical questions. They addressed issues such as the existence of God, the nature of reality, the relationship between faith and reason, and ethical considerations. Scholastic philosophy played a pivotal role in shaping medieval education, contributing to the development of universities and influencing subsequent philosophical traditions. Despite criticisms and changes in intellectual landscapes, the scholastic legacy endures as a significant chapter in the history of Western philosophy and theology.