Define Stigma and Discrimination.

Stigma refers to negative attitudes, beliefs, and stereotypes that lead to the devaluation, marginalization, and discrimination of individuals or groups based on certain characteristics, attributes, or circumstances. In the context of HIV/AIDS, stigma manifests as prejudice, fear, and social rejection towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIVs) or those perceived to be at risk of HIV infection. Stigma can result in social isolation, shame, and reluctance to seek HIV testing, treatment, or support services, thereby hindering efforts to prevent and control the spread of HIV.

Discrimination, on the other hand, involves unfair or unequal treatment of individuals or groups based on their actual or perceived characteristics, such as HIV status. Discrimination against PLHIVs may manifest in various forms, including denial of employment, housing, healthcare, education, or social services, as well as verbal abuse, harassment, or violence. Discrimination exacerbates the impact of stigma, perpetuates social inequalities, and violates the rights and dignity of PLHIVs. Addressing stigma and discrimination is essential for promoting equality, dignity, and human rights for all individuals affected by HIV/AIDS.