Define Types of digital images.

Digital images come in various types, each with distinct characteristics and applications. Understanding these types is crucial for effectively utilizing and interpreting digital imagery in diverse fields. Here are some common types of digital images:

1. Binary Images:
   Binary images represent data in a binary format, where each pixel has only two possible values (0 or 1). These images are typically used for basic graphics, thresholding, and binary classification tasks.

2. Grayscale Images:
   Grayscale images use varying shades of gray to represent different intensity levels. Each pixel is assigned a single value on a grayscale spectrum, ranging from black (0) to white (255). Grayscale images are commonly used in medical imaging, photography, and basic image processing tasks.

3. Color Images:
   Color images use the combination of three primary color channels (red, green, and blue) to represent a wide spectrum of colors. Each pixel is defined by its RGB values. Color images are prevalent in photography, remote sensing, and multimedia applications.

4. Multispectral Images:
   Multispectral images capture data in multiple bands across the electromagnetic spectrum. These images provide information beyond the visible range, aiding in applications such as agriculture, environmental monitoring, and geological studies.

5. Hyperspectral Images:
   Hyperspectral images capture data in numerous narrow and contiguous bands, offering a high spectral resolution. These images are valuable for detailed analysis of material composition and are used in applications like mineralogy, agriculture, and environmental monitoring.

6. Panchromatic Images:
   Panchromatic images capture data in a single broad band, typically in the visible or near-infrared spectrum. These images have higher spatial resolution but lack the spectral diversity of multispectral or hyperspectral imagery.

7. Infrared Images:
   Infrared images capture data beyond the visible spectrum, specifically in the infrared region. They are used in various applications, including agriculture (NDVI calculations), environmental studies, and thermal imaging.

8. Thermal Images:
   Thermal images capture data based on temperature variations. These images are crucial in applications such as industrial inspections, building diagnostics, and medical thermography.

9. Depth Maps:
   Depth maps represent the spatial distribution of distances from the camera to objects in a scene. They are used in computer vision, 3D modeling, and virtual reality applications.

10. Binary Coded Images:
    Binary coded images represent data using a binary code, where each pixel is represented by a specific binary pattern. These images are used in data compression, encryption, and information storage.

11. High Dynamic Range (HDR) Images:
    HDR images capture a broader range of luminance values compared to standard images. They are useful in scenes with high contrast, providing more details in both bright and dark areas.

Each type of digital image serves specific purposes and applications, catering to the diverse needs of industries such as remote sensing, medical imaging, computer vision, and multimedia. The choice of image type depends on the requirements of the task at hand and the desired characteristics for analysis or visualization.