Describe in detail, any three conventional energy resources.

Conventional energy resources are those that have been widely used for centuries and are still the primary sources of energy worldwide. Here are three such conventional energy resources:

1. Coal:
   Coal is a fossil fuel formed from the remains of plants that lived and died millions of years ago. It is found in underground deposits and mined through surface or underground mining methods. Coal is one of the most abundant fossil fuels and has been a primary source of energy for electricity generation, industrial processes, and heating.

There are different types of coal, including anthracite, bituminous, sub-bituminous, and lignite, with varying carbon content and energy density. When burned, coal releases energy in the form of heat, which is used to generate steam in boilers. The steam then drives turbines connected to generators, producing electricity.

However, coal combustion also emits various pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and carbon dioxide (CO2), contributing to air pollution, acid rain, and climate change. Efforts to mitigate these environmental impacts include the development of cleaner coal technologies like scrubbers, filters, and carbon capture and storage (CCS) systems.

1. Crude Oil:
   Crude oil, also known as petroleum, is a naturally occurring liquid fossil fuel found beneath the Earth's surface. It is composed of hydrocarbons, organic compounds containing hydrogen and carbon atoms, along with small amounts of sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen compounds. Crude oil is extracted from underground reservoirs using drilling techniques and then refined into various petroleum products.

Petroleum products include gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, heating oil, and various petrochemicals used in manufacturing plastics, pharmaceuticals, and fertilizers. These products play a crucial role in transportation, industry, agriculture, and daily life.

The combustion of petroleum products releases energy that is converted into mechanical work or electricity in engines and turbines. However, burning fossil fuels like crude oil also emits pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and greenhouse gases like CO2, contributing to air pollution and climate change.

1. Natural Gas:
   Natural gas is a versatile fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane (CH4) with small amounts of other hydrocarbons, such as ethane, propane, and butane. It is found alongside crude oil deposits or in underground reservoirs and extracted through drilling techniques.

Natural gas is used for electricity generation, heating, cooking, and industrial processes. It burns cleaner than coal and oil, emitting fewer pollutants and greenhouse gases per unit of energy produced. As a result, natural gas has become increasingly popular as a transitional fuel to reduce emissions while transitioning to renewable energy sources.

Natural gas is transported through pipelines or liquefied for easier transportation and storage. It can also be used as a feedstock in the production of hydrogen, ammonia, and other chemicals. However, concerns about methane leakage during extraction and transportation, as well as the environmental impact of hydraulic fracturing (fracking), have raised questions about the sustainability of natural gas as an energy resource.