Describe power distribution in brief. Write specific use of main equipment required for overhead lines.

Power distribution involves the transmission of electrical energy from power plants to consumers, delivering electricity reliably and efficiently to homes, businesses, and industries. Here's a brief overview of power distribution:

1. Transmission Substations: Electrical energy generated at power plants is transmitted over long distances through high-voltage transmission lines to substations. Transmission substations step down the voltage to a lower level for distribution to consumers.

2. Distribution Substations: Distribution substations receive electricity from transmission lines and further reduce the voltage to levels suitable for local distribution. They distribute power to various feeder lines that supply electricity to neighborhoods and industrial areas.

3. Feeder Lines: Feeder lines are medium-voltage distribution lines that carry electricity from distribution substations to neighborhoods or commercial areas. They typically run overhead on poles or underground in conduits.

4. Service Lines: Service lines deliver electricity from feeder lines to individual buildings or properties. These lines may be overhead or underground, connecting to a building's main electrical panel or meter.

5. Main Equipment for Overhead Lines:

   a. Poles: Poles support overhead power lines and provide structural stability. They are typically made of wood, steel, or concrete and are spaced at regular intervals along the distribution network.

   b. Crossarms: Crossarms are attached to poles and provide support for multiple power lines. They are typically made of wood or metal and hold insulators that keep the power lines insulated from the pole.

   c. Insulators: Insulators prevent electricity from flowing into the pole or ground by providing electrical insulation. They are typically made of porcelain or polymer materials and are mounted on crossarms to support the power lines.

   d. Transformers: Distribution transformers are installed on poles or in pad-mounted enclosures to step down voltage levels from the distribution feeder to levels suitable for individual consumers. They consist of coils of wire wrapped around a core and are essential for voltage regulation.

   e. Fuses and Reclosers: Fuses and reclosers protect the distribution system from overcurrents and faults. Fuses are designed to blow when excessive current flows through them, while reclosers automatically open and close circuit breakers to isolate and restore power to sections of the distribution network.

These main equipment components work together to ensure reliable and efficient distribution of electrical power to consumers, supporting the functioning of modern society.