Differentiate between ‘altruistic suicide’ and ‘egoistic suicide’.

Émile Durkheim, a pioneering sociologist, introduced the concepts of altruistic suicide and egoistic suicide as part of his seminal work on suicide. These concepts highlight distinct social factors influencing individual suicide rates.

1. Altruistic Suicide:

   • Definition: Altruistic suicide occurs when individuals are excessively integrated into a tightly knit social group or community, to the point where their sense of duty and commitment to the group leads them to sacrifice their own lives for the collective well-being.
   • Characteristics: This form of suicide is characterized by an individual's subordination of personal interests to the greater good of the community. Excessive social integration and strong communal bonds can lead individuals to prioritize the group's norms and values over their own lives.

2. Egoistic Suicide:

   • Definition: Egoistic suicide, in contrast, results from a lack of social integration. Individuals experiencing egoistic suicide are insufficiently connected to social groups, leading to feelings of isolation and a weakened sense of social support.
   • Characteristics: This form of suicide reflects a breakdown in social bonds, where individuals feel disconnected from societal norms and values. Egoistic suicide is more likely in societies with weak social integration, where individuals may lack a sense of belonging or attachment to larger social structures.

In summary, altruistic suicide is associated with excessive integration and sacrifice for the community, while egoistic suicide is linked to insufficient social integration, resulting in feelings of isolation and detachment from societal norms. Durkheim's work on suicide provides a sociological perspective on understanding the impact of social relationships and community bonds on individual behavior and well-being.