Differentiate between Commensalism and Mutualism.

Commensalism and mutualism are two different types of ecological relationships between organisms. Here are the key differences:

Commensalism:

• Commensalism is a type of symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits while the other organism is neither harmed nor benefited.
• In commensalism, the relationship is usually asymmetrical, with one organism (the commensal) deriving some benefit from the interaction, such as shelter, support, or transportation, while the other organism (the host) is unaffected.
• An example of commensalism is the relationship between orchids and trees. Orchids attach themselves to tree branches and obtain support and access to sunlight, while the trees are not significantly affected by the presence of orchids.

Mutualism:

• Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship in which both organisms involved benefit from the interaction.
• In mutualism, both organisms contribute to and receive benefits from the relationship, such as food, protection, or services.
• An example of mutualism is the relationship between bees and flowering plants. Bees pollinate flowers while collecting nectar, aiding in the reproduction of plants, and in return, bees obtain food (nectar) from the flowers.

In summary, the main distinction between commensalism and mutualism lies in the outcome of the interaction: commensalism benefits one organism while having no effect on the other, whereas mutualism benefits both organisms involved in the relationship.