Discuss in brief the powers and functions of the Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority in a country and is vested with significant powers and functions to ensure the interpretation and enforcement of the constitution, as well as to serve as the final court of appeal. While the specific powers and functions can vary from country to country, a general overview includes:

1. Constitutional Interpretation:
   The primary function of the Supreme Court is to interpret the constitution. It has the authority to interpret and determine the constitutionality of laws, government actions, and executive orders. Through this power of judicial review, the Supreme Court ensures that governmental actions adhere to constitutional principles.

2. Final Court of Appeal:
   The Supreme Court serves as the ultimate appellate court, providing the final avenue for appeal in legal cases. Individuals or entities dissatisfied with lower court decisions can seek redress in the Supreme Court. Its decisions are binding and set legal precedents.

3. Judicial Review:
   The power of judicial review allows the Supreme Court to review the actions of other branches of government and determine their constitutionality. This power is crucial in maintaining the system of checks and balances, preventing the abuse of governmental authority.

4. Protection of Fundamental Rights:
   The Supreme Court is tasked with safeguarding fundamental rights and liberties enshrined in the constitution. It ensures that laws or government actions do not infringe upon citizens' rights to freedom of speech, religion, privacy, and other fundamental rights.

5. Advisory Opinions:
   In some legal systems, the Supreme Court may have the authority to provide advisory opinions on legal questions presented by the executive or legislative branches. However, this power is not universal and may be limited or absent in certain jurisdictions.

6. Original Jurisdiction:
   The Supreme Court may have original jurisdiction in specific cases, meaning it serves as the court of first instance for certain types of disputes, especially those involving disputes between states or cases of national significance.

7. Settling Disputes Between States:
   In federations, the Supreme Court may have the authority to adjudicate disputes between different states within the country. This helps maintain harmony and resolve conflicts between regional entities.

8. Preserving the Rule of Law:
   The Supreme Court plays a vital role in upholding the rule of law by ensuring that legal principles and procedures are followed. It acts as a guardian against arbitrary exercises of power and protects the integrity of the legal system.

9. Contempt of Court:
   The Supreme Court has the authority to hold individuals in contempt for obstructing the administration of justice. This power helps maintain the dignity and authority of the court.

10. Appointment of Judges:
    In some legal systems, the Supreme Court may have a role in the appointment and removal of judges. This involvement ensures the independence and integrity of the judiciary.

11. Administrative Functions:
    The Supreme Court often has administrative responsibilities, overseeing the functioning of the judiciary, setting rules of procedure, and managing court resources.

12. Review of Administrative Actions:
    In addition to reviewing legislative and executive actions, the Supreme Court may have the authority to review administrative decisions, ensuring that administrative agencies act within the scope of their authority and adhere to legal principles.

The powers and functions of the Supreme Court are crucial for the maintenance of justice, protection of constitutional rights, and the overall functioning of the legal system within a country. Its role in interpreting and upholding the constitution contributes to the stability and fairness of the legal framework.