Discuss the current waste management practices in Nepal.
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In Nepal, waste management practices face significant challenges due to rapid urbanization, population growth, inadequate infrastructure, and limited resources. The current waste management practices can be described as follows:
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Collection: Many urban areas struggle with irregular and insufficient waste collection services, leading to littering and illegal dumping. Formal waste collection systems are limited, and informal waste pickers play a crucial role in collecting recyclable materials.
Open Burning and Landfilling: Due to limited waste treatment facilities, open burning of waste is common, contributing to air pollution and health hazards. Landfills are often overburdened and poorly managed, posing environmental risks.
Recycling and Informal Sector: Informal recycling plays a significant role, with waste pickers salvaging recyclable materials from waste streams. However, this sector faces challenges such as low wages, lack of proper infrastructure, and exposure to health risks.
Healthcare Waste Management: Proper management of healthcare waste remains a concern, with inadequate facilities and practices for handling hazardous medical waste.
Policy and Institutional Challenges: Despite policy frameworks and regulations, enforcement and implementation remain weak due to limited institutional capacity and funding.
Efforts are underway to improve waste management practices, including the establishment of waste segregation programs, promotion of recycling initiatives, and infrastructure development. However, addressing the challenges requires sustained investment, capacity-building, public awareness, and multi-stakeholder collaboration.