Discuss the history and growth of Consumer Movement in India.

The consumer movement in India has a rich history dating back to the pre-independence era, with significant milestones and developments shaping its growth over the years. Here's a detailed overview of the history and growth of the consumer movement in India:

Pre-Independence Era (Pre-1947):

• The roots of the consumer movement in India can be traced back to the early 20th century when nationalist leaders and social reformers began advocating for the protection of consumer rights alongside the struggle for independence.
• The All India Spinners' Association and the Swadeshi Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi promoted indigenous goods and self-reliance, emphasizing consumer empowerment and economic self-sufficiency.
• The Indian National Congress and other political organizations incorporated consumer welfare as part of their broader agenda for social and economic reforms.

Post-Independence Era (1947 onwards):

• The period following independence witnessed a gradual evolution of the consumer movement as India transitioned into a democratic republic with a mixed economy.
• The establishment of the Planning Commission and Five-Year Plans focused on economic development and social welfare, laying the foundation for consumer protection policies and legislation.
• The enactment of the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices (MRTP) Act in 1969 aimed to prevent monopolistic and restrictive trade practices detrimental to consumer interests.
• The 1970s saw the emergence of consumer organizations such as the Consumer Guidance Society of India (CGSI) and the Consumer Unity & Trust Society (CUTS), advocating for consumer rights and awareness.
• The 1980s witnessed a surge in consumer activism and the formation of consumer forums, fueled by incidents of food adulteration, substandard products, and unfair trade practices.
• The Bhopal Gas Tragedy in 1984, one of the world's worst industrial disasters, galvanized public outrage and highlighted the need for stringent regulations and accountability in industry.

Liberalization and Globalization (1991 onwards):

• The economic reforms of 1991 and the liberalization of the Indian economy brought about significant changes in the consumer landscape, including increased competition, globalization, and the entry of multinational corporations.
• The enactment of the Consumer Protection Act (CPA) in 1986 and subsequent amendments in 1991, 1993, and 2002 marked a watershed moment in consumer rights legislation, providing a comprehensive framework for consumer protection and redressal of grievances.
• The establishment of the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) and State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commissions (SCDRCs) under the CPA empowered consumers to seek speedy and effective resolution of complaints.
• The advent of the internet and digital technology in the 21st century facilitated greater consumer awareness, empowerment, and activism through online platforms, social media, and e-commerce.
• The growth of consumer forums, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and consumer rights advocacy groups further contributed to the expansion and consolidation of the consumer movement in India.

In summary, the consumer movement in India has evolved over the years from its nascent stages in the pre-independence era to a vibrant and dynamic force advocating for consumer rights, awareness, and empowerment in the contemporary era of globalization and digitalization.