Discuss the role of vectors, food safety and water quality in increasing the susceptible to diseases.

Vectors (such as mosquitoes, ticks, flies) play a significant role in transmitting infectious diseases by carrying pathogens from one host to another. Poor vector control increases disease transmission rates. For example, mosquitoes transmit malaria, dengue fever, Zika virus, and West Nile virus. Ticks transmit Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Flies can spread diseases like cholera and dysentery. Effective vector control measures, such as insecticide spraying, use of mosquito nets, and elimination of breeding sites, are essential for disease prevention.

Food safety is crucial in preventing foodborne illnesses caused by consuming contaminated food or beverages. Pathogens like Salmonella, E. coli, and norovirus can contaminate food during production, processing, or preparation. Unsafe food handling practices, inadequate cooking, and poor hygiene contribute to foodborne diseases. Proper food storage, hygiene, cooking at appropriate temperatures, and regular inspections of food establishments are essential for ensuring food safety and reducing disease transmission.

Water quality is vital for preventing waterborne diseases such as cholera, typhoid, and hepatitis A. Contaminated water sources can harbor pathogens and chemical pollutants that pose health risks when consumed or used for hygiene. Improving water quality through water treatment, sanitation, and regular testing is critical for protecting public health and reducing the burden of waterborne diseases. Access to safe drinking water and proper sanitation facilities are fundamental human rights that contribute to disease prevention and overall well-being.