Discuss the various forms of judicial control over administration.

1. Introduction
Judicial control over administration refers to the mechanisms through which the judiciary exercises oversight and supervision over the actions and decisions of administrative authorities. This control is essential for upholding the rule of law, ensuring accountability, and safeguarding citizens' rights against arbitrary or unlawful administrative actions.

2. Judicial Review
Judicial review is the primary mechanism through which courts scrutinize the legality and constitutionality of administrative actions, decisions, and laws. It enables courts to assess whether administrative authorities have acted within the scope of their powers, complied with procedural requirements, and respected fundamental rights. Judicial review ensures that administrative actions are consistent with the Constitution and statutory provisions, and it empowers courts to strike down actions or laws that are unconstitutional or ultra vires.

3. Administrative Tribunals
Administrative tribunals are specialized bodies established to adjudicate disputes arising from administrative decisions or actions. These tribunals have jurisdiction over specific areas of administrative law, such as labor disputes, tax matters, environmental issues, and immigration appeals. By providing an alternative forum for dispute resolution, administrative tribunals help in expediting justice and relieving the burden on regular courts. However, their decisions are subject to judicial review by higher courts to ensure legal correctness and fairness.

4. Writ Jurisdiction
Writ jurisdiction allows courts to issue writs, such as habeas corpus, mandamus, certiorari, prohibition, and quo warranto, to enforce fundamental rights and control administrative actions. Writs are extraordinary remedies that courts can use to remedy illegal detentions, compel public officials to perform their duties, quash illegal orders or decisions, restrain administrative excesses, and prevent usurpation of public offices. Writ jurisdiction provides an effective mechanism for judicial intervention to protect citizens' rights and ensure administrative accountability.

5. Principles of Natural Justice
Courts enforce the principles of natural justice, which require administrative authorities to act fairly, impartially, and reasonably when making decisions that affect individuals' rights or interests. These principles include the right to a fair hearing, the rule against bias, the requirement of transparency, and the duty to give reasons for decisions. By applying these principles, courts ensure procedural fairness and guard against arbitrary or unjust administrative actions.

6. Judicial Activism
Judicial activism refers to the proactive role played by courts in protecting constitutional values, promoting social justice, and checking executive overreach. Through innovative interpretations of legal principles, expansive readings of fundamental rights, and creative remedies, courts expand their role in controlling administrative actions and advancing public interest. Judicial activism supplements traditional forms of judicial control and helps in addressing emerging challenges in governance and administration.

7. Public Interest Litigation (PIL)
Public interest litigation allows individuals and organizations to bring legal action before courts on behalf of the public interest or to enforce constitutional rights. PIL enables courts to address systemic issues, redress grievances of marginalized groups, and hold administrative authorities accountable for their actions. By empowering citizens to seek judicial remedies for public interest concerns, PIL contributes to enhancing transparency, accountability, and responsiveness in administration.

8. Conclusion
In conclusion, judicial control over administration plays a vital role in upholding the rule of law, protecting citizens' rights, and ensuring accountability in governance. Through mechanisms such as judicial review, administrative tribunals, writ jurisdiction, principles of natural justice, judicial activism, and public interest litigation, courts exercise oversight and supervision over administrative actions and decisions. These forms of judicial control serve as essential safeguards against administrative arbitrariness, abuse of power, and violation of constitutional norms. As guardians of the Constitution and protectors of individual liberties, courts play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of power and fostering good governance in democratic societies.