Distinguish between latent and manifest functions.

Latent Functions vs. Manifest Functions

Manifest Functions:
Manifest functions refer to the intended, explicit, and easily observable outcomes or purposes of a social institution, structure, or action. These functions are consciously planned and serve a recognized and acknowledged purpose within a society. For example, the manifest function of education is to impart knowledge and skills, as stated in official curricula.

Latent Functions:
Latent functions, on the other hand, are the unintended, implicit, and often unrecognized consequences or outcomes of a social institution, structure, or action. These functions are not explicitly stated or planned, but they emerge as by-products of the manifest functions. Using the education example, a latent function might be the development of social networks among students, which was not the primary goal but arises naturally within the educational setting.

In summary, manifest functions are the intended and visible outcomes, while latent functions are the unintended and often hidden consequences of social phenomena. Both concepts are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the various dimensions and impacts of social structures and institutions.