Distinguish between procedural and sustentative democracy.

Procedural Democracy vs. Substantive Democracy:

Procedural Democracy:

Procedural democracy focuses on the processes and mechanisms through which decisions are made, emphasizing the importance of fair procedures, free and fair elections, and the protection of individual rights. In procedural democracy, the emphasis is on the formal aspects of governance, ensuring that political processes are transparent, inclusive, and accountable. Key elements include regular elections, rule of law, protection of minority rights, and adherence to constitutional principles. Procedural democracy does not necessarily guarantee that the outcomes or policies produced through these procedures will be inherently just or equitable.

Substantive Democracy:

Substantive democracy, on the other hand, goes beyond the procedural aspects and concentrates on achieving meaningful outcomes and social justice. It emphasizes the substance or content of democratic governance, aiming to address inequalities, promote social welfare, and ensure the realization of substantive rights for all citizens. Substantive democracy seeks to achieve not only fair procedures but also just and equitable results, actively addressing issues of social and economic inequality. It recognizes that the mere adherence to formal procedures may not guarantee the fulfillment of democratic ideals if the outcomes perpetuate injustice or marginalization.