Do you think that there is change and continuity in India’s foreign policy? Identify the major changes.

Yes, there is both change and continuity in India's foreign policy, reflecting the evolving global landscape, shifting domestic priorities, and the emergence of new geopolitical challenges and opportunities. While certain core principles and strategic objectives have remained consistent over time, India's foreign policy has also undergone significant transformations in response to changing external dynamics and domestic imperatives. Some of the major changes in India's foreign policy in recent years include:

1. Economic Diplomacy and Globalization:
   One of the most notable changes in India's foreign policy has been the growing emphasis on economic diplomacy and integration with the global economy. India has pursued closer economic ties with major powers, emerging economies, and regional partners through initiatives such as "Act East Policy," "Look West Policy," and "Neighborhood First Policy." India's engagement with international economic institutions, trade agreements, and investment partnerships reflects its aspirations for economic growth, technological advancement, and global competitiveness in the 21st century.

2. Strategic Partnerships and Defense Cooperation:
   India has expanded its strategic partnerships and defense cooperation with key countries, including the United States, Japan, Australia, and France, to address shared security challenges and counterbalance China's growing influence in the Indo-Pacific region. The signing of defense agreements, joint military exercises, and technology transfers with these partners marks a significant shift in India's security posture and strategic alignment, signaling its willingness to deepen security ties beyond traditional alliances.

3. Multilateralism and Global Governance:
   India has intensified its engagement with multilateral forums and global governance institutions to advance its interests, promote reforms, and address global challenges such as climate change, terrorism, and pandemics. India's active participation in forums such as the United Nations, G20, BRICS, and SCO reflects its aspirations for greater influence and responsibility in shaping international norms, rules, and institutions.

4. Balancing Act in Great Power Relations:
   India has pursued a delicate balancing act in its relations with major powers, including the United States, China, and Russia, seeking to maximize its strategic autonomy and leverage while managing competing interests and geopolitical rivalries. India's strategic partnership with the United States has deepened in recent years, marked by closer defense cooperation, diplomatic alignment, and convergence on regional and global issues. At the same time, India has sought to maintain cordial relations with China and Russia, while also hedging against potential security threats and economic vulnerabilities.

5. Neighborhood Engagement and Connectivity:
   India has placed renewed emphasis on strengthening ties with its neighboring countries and enhancing regional connectivity through initiatives such as the "Neighborhood First Policy" and the "Connect Central Asia Policy." India's efforts to promote infrastructure development, connectivity projects, and people-to-people exchanges in South Asia and beyond reflect its desire to foster regional stability, economic integration, and mutual prosperity.

6. Digital Diplomacy and Soft Power:
   India has leveraged digital diplomacy and soft power initiatives to enhance its global outreach, cultural diplomacy, and public diplomacy efforts. The launch of initiatives such as "Digital India," "Make in India," and "Brand India" has helped to showcase India's technological prowess, economic potential, and cultural heritage on the world stage, shaping perceptions and building goodwill among international audiences.

In conclusion, while there is continuity in certain core principles and strategic objectives of India's foreign policy, such as non-alignment, regional leadership, and multilateralism, there have been significant changes in recent years to adapt to evolving global dynamics and national priorities. India's enhanced focus on economic diplomacy, strategic partnerships, multilateral engagement, and regional connectivity reflects its aspirations for greater influence, prosperity, and security in an increasingly interconnected and competitive world. As India navigates the complexities of the 21st century, its foreign policy will continue to evolve in response to emerging challenges and opportunities, guided by a mix of pragmatism, idealism, and strategic foresight.